Printed in the United Kingdom The Selection of Policy Instruments: a Network-based Perspective*

The concepts of policy instruments and policy networks have played important roles in recent theoretical development on public policy, as research in several nations attests. These notions, however, have largely been considered in isolation from each other. Here a simple typology of policy networks is used to help explain the selection of different kinds of instruments by governments. Several instrument characteristics are considered for the expected impact of network features on instrument selection, and a set of propositions is developed that matches degrees of network interconnectedness and cohesion with the choice of different kinds of instruments – such as regulations, subsidies, and covenants. Examples from different national and policy-sectoral contexts are used to indicate the plausibility of the argument. The article suggests that considering network attributes can be useful in understanding governments ’ choice of instruments and can strengthen extant discussions largely focused on such variables as learning and policy style. The two subjects of this article, policy networks and the choice of gov-ernment instruments to be used to achieve policy objectives, have each received extensive attention by scholars. Nonetheless, the core ideas developed in each stream of research have been largely ignored in the other.1 The purpose of the current article is to link these concepts as * An earlier version of part of this argument by Bressers appeared in Dutch as ‘Beleidsnetwerken en instrumentenkeuze ’ [Policy networks and choice of instruments], Beleidswetenschap [Polic