Enhancing Arithmetic and Word-Problem Solving Skills Efficiently by Individualized Computer-Assisted Practice

ABSTRACT. The fluency of basic arithmetical operations is a precondition for mathematical problem solving. However, the training of skills plays a minor role in contemporary math-ematics instruction. The authors proposed individualization of practice as a means to improve its efficiency, so that the time spent with the training of skills is minimized. As a tool to relieve teachers from the time-consuming tasks of individ-ual diagnosis, selection of problems, and immediate feedback, they developed adaptive training software. The authors eval-uated the application of the software in 2 naturalistic studies with 9 third-grade classes. Results show that even a moderate amount of individualized practice was associated with large improvements of arithmetic skills and problem solving, even after a follow-up period of 3 months