How internet concepts and technologies can help green and smarten the electrical grid

Several powerful forces are gathering to make fundamental and irrevocable changes to the century-old grid. The next-generation grid, often called the ‘smart grid, ’ will feature distributed energy production, vastly more storage, tens of millions of stochastic renewable-energy sources, and the use of communication technologies both to allow precise match-ing of supply to demand and to incentivize appropriate con-sumer behaviour. These changes will have the effect of re-ducing energy waste and reducing the carbon footprint of the grid, making it ‘smarter ’ and ‘greener. ’ In this po-sition paper, we discuss how the concepts and techniques pioneered by the Internet, the fruit of four decades of re-search in this area, are directly applicable to the design of a smart, green grid. This is because both the Internet and the electrical grid are designed to meet fundamental needs, for information and for energy, respectively, by connecting geographically dispersed suppliers with geographically dis-persed consumers. Keeping this and other similarities (and fundamental differences, as well) in mind, we propose sev-eral specific areas where Internet concepts and technologies can contribute to the development of a smart, green grid. We also describe some areas where the Internet operations can be improved based on the experience gained in the elec-trical grid. We hope that our work will initiate a dialogue between the Internet and the smart grid communities