A Zero-One Law for Secure Multi-Party Computation with Ternary Outputs

Abstract. There are protocols to privately evaluate any function in the passive (honest-but-curious) setting assuming that the honest nodes are in majority. For some specific functions, protocols are known which remain secure even without an honest majority. The seminal work by Chor and Kushilevitz [7] gave a complete characterization of Boolean functions, showing that each Boolean function either requires an honest majority, or is such that it can be privately evaluated regardless of the number of colluding nodes. The problem of discovering the threshold for secure evaluation of more general functions remains an open problem. Towards a resolution, we pro-vide a complete characterization of the security threshold for functions with three different outputs. Surprisingly, the zero-one law for Boolean functions extends to Z3, meaning that each function with range Z3 either requires honest majority or tolerates up to n colluding nodes.