Strategies To Reduce Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Noncardiothoracic Surgery: Systematic Review for the American

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications are as fre-quent and clinically important as cardiac complications in terms of morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. However, there has been much less research and no previous systematic reviews of the evidence of interventions to prevent pulmonary complications. Purpose: To systematically review the literature on interventions to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications after noncardiotho-racic surgery