The memory of my mother who died on August 29, 1985 My lovely wife Yosra iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All deepest and sincere thanks are due to Almighty ALLAH, the merciful, the com-passionate for the uncountable gifts given to me. I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to Dr. Aly A. Farag for giving me the opportunity to join the CVIP Lab and for his direction and assistance in developing this dissertation. I would also like to thank Dr. Moumen Ahmed for helping me in joining the Lab. Many thanks for Dr. Greg Rempala for his continuous discussion and support. I would also like to thank Dr. Jon Atli Benediktsson for joining my PhD committee. I would also like to thank Dr. Hichem Frigui, Dr. Xiangqian Liu, Dr. Tamer Inanc, and Dr. Ryan Gill f...