1 The effect of laminate lay-up on the flutter speed of composite wings

Abstract: This paper presents an analytical study on optimization of a laminated composite wing structure for achieving a maximum flutter speed and a minimum weight without strength penalty. The investigation is carried out within the range of incompressible airflow and subsonic speed. In the first stage of the optimization, attention has been paid mainly to the effect on flutter speed of the bending, torsion and, more importantly, the bending-torsional coupling rigidity, which is usually associated with asymmetric laminate lay-up. The study has shown that the torsional rigidity plays a dominant role, while the coupling rigidity has also quite a significant effect on the flutter speed. In the second stage of the optimization, attention has been paid to the weight and laminate strength of the wing structure, which is affected by the variation in laminate lay-up in the first stage. Results from a thin-walled wing box made of laminated composite material show that up to 18 per cent increase in flutter speed and 13 per cent reduction in weight can be achieved without compromising the strength. The investigation has shown that a careful choice of initial lay-up and design variables leads to a desirable bending, torsional and coupling rigidities, with the provision of an efficient approach when achieving a maximum flutter speed with a minimum mass of a composite wing