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The world’s farms are generating more food than everbefore. At the same time, many researchers agree that agriculture is the “largest threat to biodiversity and eco-system functions of any single human activity ” (Clay 2004, p. vii). To quote from the 2005 synthesis report of the United Nations ’ Millennium Ecosystem Assessment program, “Cultivation often has a negative impact on provision of [ecosystem] services. For example, cultivated systems tend to use more water, increase water pollution and soil erosion, store less carbon, emit more greenhouse gases, and support significantly less habitat and biodiversity than the ecosystems they replace ” (Cassman and Wood 2005, p. 749). Jackson (1980) argued that agriculture’s two antithetical roles—producer and depleter—find their common root not in the day-to-day decisions of farmers, government officials, agricultural scientists, corporate leaders, or consumers