Publication bia Ethics

ersto ion cr the nd re nts in elop place laceb of ch bo e dies t l bot s of t effec umat 1. The placebo effect is often misunderstood Some h placebo eff the placebo regard. Nev effects in th est specific effect. For i acetaminop morphine d specific effe be expected continue to look for int ness. 2. What th The pla improveme in the resp cian). For in ∗ Tel.: +33 2 E-mail add from one visit to the next simply because they are happy to partici-pate in a clinical study. Other patients, in contrast, may exaggerate 1297-319X/ $ – doi:10.1016/j.ealthcare workers have misconceptions about the ect [1–3]. More specifically, physicians may feel that effect is unscientific and therefore deserves little ertheless, these same physicians induce strong placebo eir patients, and the interventions having the great-activity are also those having the strongest placebo nstance, a morphine placebo is more effective than an hen placebo, and the improvement in response to a ose is the sum of a strong placebo effect and of the ct of the drug [4]. Optimal use of the placebo effect can to benefit the patients, provided that rheumatologists exercise critical appraisal and researchers continue to erventions characterized by greater specific effective-e placebo effect is not cebo effect should not be confused with apparent nts related to limited accuracy of the assessments (bias onses, on the part of both the patient and the physi-stance, patients may unwittingly minimize their pai