Removal of heavy metal ions using chemically modified adsorbents

In this article, chemical modification methods and its enhancement affect on the adsorption capacity of wood based adsorbents for treatment process has been investigated. HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH, KOH, acetone, ethanol, chloroform, H2O2, Fenton reaction, polymerization, tetra ethylene glycol, diethyl ether, and glycol were used to modification process. Maximum adsorption capacities were obtained by modification of NaOH (98 %), KOH (96 %), HCl (85 %), Fenton (94 %), polymerization (94 %), tetra ethylene glycol (97 %), and diethyl ether (95 %). These modifications decreased soluble organic compounds of wood materials leading to increase in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of water. Adsorption capacities of adsorbents were increase quietly as a result of modification with increase in active surfaces of adsorbents. These adsorbents are suitable for industrial effluent treatment containing cadmium and lead ions. It is important to note that the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents presented in this paper vary, depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of chemical modifications, and the concentration of adsorbate