A Multilevel Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis

Abstract. The classical multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix can be viewed as a two-dimensional cross-classification of traits and methods. Beside commonly used analysis methods such as structural equation modeling and generalizability theory, multilevel analysis offers attractive possibilities. If the focus is only on analyzing classical MTMM data, the multilevel approach has no surplus value, because the resulting model is equivalent to a confirmatory factor model with additional restrictions imposed by the multilevel parameterization. However, if the data contain further complexities, such as additional information on the traits or persons, multilevel analysis of MTMM data offers a flexible analysis tool with more possibilities than the other approaches