Implementing Northern Goshawk Habitat Management in Southwestern Forests: A Template for Restoring Fire-Adapted

Developing and displaying forest structural targets are crucial for sustaining the habitats of the northern goshawk, a sensitive species in Southwestern forests. These structural targets were described in Management Recommendations for the Northern Goshawk in the Southwestern United States (MRNG) (Reynolds, et al., 1992). The MRNG were developed in a unique food-web approach that identified desired forest conditions for the goshawk. These desired conditions were based on syntheses of the habitats of both goshawks and the diverse suite of plants and animals in their food web. Not surprisingly, implementing these structural targets results in forests restored to conditions similar to our understanding of pre-European settlement forests. Silviculturists are responsible for