Original Research Influence of Acoustic Masking Noise in fMRI of the Auditory Cortex During Phonetic Discrimination

The application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study activation of auditory cortex suffers from one significant confounding factor, namely, that of the acoustic noise generated by the gradient system, which is an integral part of the imaging process. Earlier work has shown that it is indeed possible to distinguish cortical activation resulting from presentation of auditory stimuli despite the presence of background noise from the gradi-ent system. The influence of acoustic noise from the gradient system of the MRI scanner on the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during functional activa-tion of the auditory cortex has been investigated in six healthy subjects with no hearing difficulties. Experiments were performed using gradient-echo echoplanar imaging (EPI) and a verbal, auditory discrimination paradigm, pre-sented in a block-wise manner, in which carefully aligned consonant-vowel syllables were presented at a rate of 1 Hz. For each volunteer the experiment was repeated three times with all parameters fixed, except slice number, which was 4, 16, or 64. The positioning of the central four slices in each experiment was common. Thus, the fraction of TR during which the stimulus is on but no imaging is being performed, varies from almost zero, in the case of 64 slices, to over 8 seconds, in the case of four slices. Only the central four slices were of interest; additional slices simply generated acoustic noise and were discarded. During the four-slice experiment, all subjects showed a robust BOLD response in the superior temporal gyrus covering the primary and secondary auditory cortex. The spatial ex-tent and the z-scores of the activated regions decreased with longer duration of gradient noise from the scanner. For a phonetic discrimination task, the results indicate that presentation of the stimulus during periods free from scanner noise leads to a more pronounced BOL