A General Overview of Sexual Sadomasochism (SM) and its Diversity

This article, written primarily for clinicians, draws from a variety of sources and provides a basic overview of sexual sadomasochism (SM). SM represents a wide range of behaviors and practices often associated with sexuality, yet it may also refer to a specific lifestyle or subculture composed of participants who regularly engage in such practices. Although large numbers of individuals are likely to participate in SM practices in various possible forms, many profes-sionals may be unfamiliar with the diversity, terminology, possible motivations, and issues surrounding SM. Given that SM is easily misunderstood, it is important for professionals working in the area of human sexuality to become familiar with alternative expressions of eroticism, creative stimulation, and intimacy. It is suggested that SM potentially may be enriching and beneficial to many who safely participate, or it sometimes may be considered pathological and de-structive. Insights are provided herein to raise awareness of issues and to help clinicians negotiate these determinations. The Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health (SASH) is committed to addressing and intervening issues surrounding sexual addiction and com-pulsivity. Our organization consists of clinicians, researchers, and educators representing a variety of specific disciplines who share a common purpose. Additionally, SASH appears to be broadening its scope, as evidenced by a recent name change, and a panel discussion at the 2005 National Confer-ence in San Francisco, titled “What is Healthy Sexuality? ” Based on insights from both respected panel members and members of the audience, it is clear that healthy sexuality is perceived somewhat differently among professionals