AppProfiler: A flexible method of exposing privacy-related behavior in Android applications to end users

Although Android’s permission system is intended to allow users to make informed decisions about their privacy, it is often ineffec-tive at conveying meaningful, useful information on how a user’s privacy might be impacted by using an application. We present an alternate approach to providing users the knowledge needed to make informed decisions about the applications they install. First, we create a knowledge base of mappings between API calls and fine-grained privacy-related behaviors. We then use this knowl-edge base to produce, through static analysis, high-level behavior profiles of application behavior. We have analyzed almost 80,000 applications to date and have made the resulting behavior profiles available both through an Android application and online. Nearly 1500 users have used this application to date. Based on 2782 pieces of application-specific feedback, we analyze users ’ opinions about how applications affect their privacy and demonstrate that these profiles have had a substantial impact on their understanding of those applications. We also show the benefit of these profiles in understanding large-scale trends in how applications behave and the implications for user privacy