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try ela that can satisfy market demands for food safety, while retaining smallholders in the supply chain. Fur-and sometimes incurred temporary import bans. The costs associ-ated with compliance can potentially exclude small farmers who face four distinct problems: (1) how to produce safe food; (2) how to be recognized as producing safe food; (3) how to identify cost-effective technologies for reducing risk; and (4) how to be competitive with larger producers (Narrod et al., 2005). Given the perishable nature of high value agricultural products (HVAPs) arrangements with the exporters) that allow smallholders to ac-cess high value export markets. Such cases, though rare, are important for identifying the mech-anisms that help retain smallholders in markets with stringent food safety standards. This paper adds to the case-studies of suc-cessful participation of small farmers in high value export markets. In particular, this paper focuses on the changes that food safety standards bring about in the institutions of collective action and pubic private partnerships. The two cases that we focus on here are Kenyan green beans ex-ports and grape exports from India. These two cases are well suite