DOI 10.1007/s00338-007-0291-1REPORT Ecological and genetic data indicate recovery of the endangered coral Acropora palmata in Los Roques, Southern Caribbean

Abstract The rapid decline of Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata has often been linked with coral reef deterioration in the Caribbean; yet, it remains controversial whether these species are currently recovering or still declining. In this study, the status of ten populations of A. palmata in Los Roques National Park (LRNP), Venezuela is presented. Six of these populations showed signs of recovery. Ten 80 m2 belt-transects were surveyed at each of the ten reef sites. Within belt-transects, each colony was measured (maximum diameter and height) and its status (healthy, diseased or injured) was recorded. Populations in recovery were deWned by a dominance of small to medium-sized colonies in densities>1 colony per 10 m2, together with 75 % undamaged colonies, a low prevalence of dis-eases (<10%), and a low density of predators (0.25 snails per colony). Based on allozyme analysis of seven polymor-phic loci in four populations (N = 30), a moderate to high-genetic connectivity among these populations (FST = 0.048) was found with a predominance of sexual over asexual reproduction (N * : N = 1; Ngo: N = 0.93–1). Both ecologi-cal and molecular data support a good prognosis for the recovery of this species in Los Roques