Transgene and Transposon Silencing in

on the extant gene pool from Central Asia;30,000 years ago. In contrast, Central Asian mtDNA 16223/C haplogroups (I, X, and W) account for only;7 % of the contemporary composition (26). These discrepancies may be due in part to the apparent more recent molec-ular age of Y chromosomes relative to other loci (27), suggesting more rapid replacement of previous Y chromosomes. Gender-based differ-ential migratory demographic behaviors will also influence the observed patterns of mtDNA and Y variation (24). The previously categorized Sardinians, Basques, and Saami outliers (5) share basi-cally the same Y binary components of the other Europeans. Their peculiar position wit