The Effect of Substratum Properties on the Survival of Attached Microorganisms on Inert Surfaces

Abstract Biofilm formation is dependent on the surrounding environmental conditions and substratum parameters. Once a biofilm forms many factors may influence cell survival and resistance. Cell adhesion to a surface is a prerequisite for coloniza-tion. However, attached microorganisms may not be able to multiply, and may merely be surviving on the surface, for example at a solid–air interface, rather than forming a biofilm. Retention of attached cells is a key focus in terms of surface hygiene and bio-film control. Factors that affect this retention may differ from those affecting biofilm formed at the solid–liquid interface: the nature of the substratum, presence of organic material, vitality of the attached microorganism, and of course the surrounding envi-ronment. The majority of publications focus on the solid–liquid interface; literature addressing the solid–air interface is considerably less substantial.