Electrodeposition of Co-W Alloys with P and Ni

The aim of the present study is to explore the electrolyte composition in order to obtain Co-W, Co-Ni-W, Co-P-W, Co-Ni-P-W alloys with smooth morphology, high reaction rate, and underscoring the interactive reduction behavior of the codepositing elements. The recommended electrolyte formulation: 0.2 M MeSO4, 0.4 M Na2WO4, 0.5 M citric acid, and 1.5 M ammonia (“Me ” represents the iron group metal); provides an optimal pH buffer capacity in the range of 7.5 to 8.5 at 70 °C. Smooth and crack free films of Co-W, Co-P-W, Co-Ni-W, and Co-Ni-P-W alloys were electrodeposited. Nanowires and nanotubes of the alloys were realized in alumina templates with constant potential and pulsed potential, respectively. The amount of W in the alloys, deposited on a rotating cylinder electrode galvanostatically, decreased wit