1. Exposure Data

1.1 Host range and tissue tropism The natural host of simian virus 40 (SV40) is the rhesus macaque, in which the virus is commonly maintained as a chronic infection of the kidney epithelium and other tissues. Although SV40 infection is not associated with known disease sequelae in immunocompetent animals, in immunodeficient animals SV40 can cause central nervous system disease as well as renal and pulmonary disease (Sheffield et al., 1980; Lednicky et al., 1998; Axthelm et al., 2004; Dang et al., 2008). Under laboratory conditions, SV40 can be transmitted to a variety of non-native hosts. The outcome of SV40 infection is classified as either permissive or non-permissive. In th