Accurate Determination of the LEP Beam Energy by Resonant Depolarization

To improve the measurements of the Z boson mass and resonance width, the 1993 Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) run was devoted to a three point beam energy scan, with one point close to the peak of the Z resonance and two points roughly 880 MeV below and above the peak. Operational energy calibration by resonant depolarization was successfully commissioned for all three beam energies. 24 energy calibrations were performed at the end of physics fills. The accuracy of each calibration is better than 1 MeV. About one third of the total integrated luminosity was recorded in calibrated fills below and above the resonance and a regular tracking of the beam energies throughout the scan was possible. The evolution of the beam energies in the course of the year showed a large variation of up to 20 MeV. Results from the energy calibrations will be presented and possible explanations for the changes of the beam energy during the year will be described