Neurogammon: a neural network backgammon playing program

Neurogammon 1.0 is a complete backgammon program which uses multi-layer neural networks to make move decisions and doubling decisions. The networks were trained by back-propagation on large expert data sets. Neu-rogammon appears to play backgammon at a substantially higher level than conventional programs. At the recently held First Computer Olympiad in London, Neurogammon won the backgammon competition with a perfect record of 5 wins and no losses, thereby becoming the first learning program ever to win any tournament. 1