Reversible and High-Capacity N Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

The market for Li-ion cells has rapidly expanded due to the increase in demand formobile electronics, such as notebook PCs, expected to be more than 10 billion dollars in 2008.[1] As of yet, all the electrode materials of the rechargeable Li batteries use bulk particles to meet the industrial requirements such as cycle life, volumetric density, safety, and elevated-temperature stability. However, there is growing interest in electrochemical energy-storage devices with both high power and a high energy density for possible applications in power tools or hybrid electric vehicles. Although Li-ion batteries are attractive power-storage devices with a high energy density, their power density is generally low due to the high level of polarization at high charge–discharge rates. In this regard, many studies have been focused on the development of the nanostructured cathode and anode materials that make the current density more effective than that of conventional bulk counterparts. tags in 2012 are expe it is believed that n sources for these app and longer usage time these materials may e around six times grea bulk materials, with capacity. Rechargeable lithiu extraction of lithium during the discharge extraction process oc electrolyte is accom reaction of the host through the externa reversibility of the L pristine structure ne reactions. In terms of the structural stability during lithum intercalation and deintercation in the cathode and anode materials, their ability to uptake various Li-ion concentrations ges makes these ries. It is because the variation of the lithium concentration alters the valence state he lithium, it is very the local n durin