Ablation in Mice of the mTO rictor, or mLST8 Reveals th for Signaling to Akt-FOXO

2005). Studies with cultured cell lines indicate that the complexes participate in different pathways and recog-nize distinct substrates, the specificity of which is deter-mined by unique mTOR-interacting proteins. mTORC1 controls cell growth in part by phosphorylating S6 Consistent with published reports (Gangloff et al., 2004; Murakami et al., 2004), explanted mTOR null blas-tocysts appear normal, but inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) fail to expand in culture (Figures 1A and 1B). Explanted raptor null blastocysts also exhibit defective ICM and trophoblast cell out